:root {
  --paper: #f2efe7;
  --paper-alt: #e9e5da;
  --ink: #171b1d;
  --muted: #62696c;
  --line: #cbc8bf;
  --accent: #8eb7c5;
  --accent-deep: #2f6070;
  --accent-wash: #dce8ea;
  --research-wash: #e3ebea;
  --white: #fbfaf6;
  --max: 1180px;
  --reading: 780px;
  --serif: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;
  --sans: ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  line-height: 1.62;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
img, video { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
a { color: inherit; text-underline-offset: .17em; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-deep); }
strong { font-weight: 650; }

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 999;
  padding: .75rem 1rem;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: white;
}
.skip-link:focus { left: .75rem; top: .75rem; }

.site-header {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(242, 239, 231, .96);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}
.nav-wrap {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  min-height: 72px;
  padding: 0 28px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
}
.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.48rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.site-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.28rem; }
.site-nav a {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: .78rem;
  letter-spacing: .055em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  padding: .4rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}
.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a[aria-current='page'] {
  color: var(--ink);
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent-deep);
}
.menu-button {
  display: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: .45rem .7rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
}

main { min-height: 72vh; }
.container { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding-inline: 28px; }
.reading { max-width: var(--reading); }
.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 .9rem;
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: .16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.display-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(4rem, 11vw, 9.4rem);
  line-height: .86;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.07em;
  margin: 0;
}
.page-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.9rem, 6.2vw, 5.6rem);
  line-height: .98;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.05em;
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 13ch;
}
.lede {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.24rem, 2.2vw, 1.62rem);
  line-height: 1.44;
  max-width: 36em;
}
.muted { color: var(--muted); }

.hero { padding: clamp(5.4rem, 11vw, 10rem) 0 clamp(5rem, 9vw, 8rem); }
.hero-home {
  min-height: auto;
  padding-top: 3rem;
  padding-bottom: 5rem;
  padding-top: 3rem;
  padding-bottom: 5rem;
}
/* .hero-home { min-height: 72vh; display: flex; align-items: center; } */
.home-subtitle {
  margin: 1.6rem 0 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.18rem, 2.2vw, 1.5rem);
  color: var(--muted);
}
.home-copy {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-top: clamp(3.5rem, 7vw, 6rem);
  padding-top: 1.3rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
}
.home-copy p { margin: 0 0 1.15rem; }
.home-copy .lede { margin-top: 0; }

.section { padding: clamp(4rem, 8vw, 7rem) 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section-soft { background: var(--paper-alt); }
.section-research { background: var(--research-wash); }
.section-heading {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.05rem, 4vw, 3.35rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  margin: 0 0 1.6rem;
}
.section-intro { max-width: 52rem; margin-bottom: 2.5rem; color: var(--muted); }

/* .page-hero { padding: clamp(4.8rem, 9vw, 8.2rem) 0 clamp(3.8rem, 7vw, 6rem); } */
.page-hero { padding: clamp(3rem, 9vw, 8.2rem) 0 clamp(3.8rem, 7vw, 6rem); }
.page-hero-inner { max-width: 920px; }
.page-hero .lede { margin: 1.7rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); }
.two-col {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, .38fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 6.5rem);
  align-items: start;
}
.kicker { color: var(--muted); font-size: .88rem; margin: .25rem 0 0; }
.prose p { margin: 0 0 1.25rem; }
.prose h2, .prose h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; }
.prose h2 { font-size: 2.1rem; margin: 2.8rem 0 1rem; }
.prose h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.prose h3 { font-size: 1.45rem; margin: 2.2rem 0 .7rem; }
.prose ul { padding-left: 1.2rem; }
.external-person { text-decoration-color: var(--accent-deep); }
.external-person::after { content: ' ↗'; font-size: .72em; color: var(--accent-deep); text-decoration: none; }

.fact-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.fact-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); padding: .9rem 0; }
.fact-label { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: .7rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .12em; margin-bottom: .2rem; }
.placeholder-text { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; }

/* Research pages */
.research-hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .88fr) minmax(380px, 1.12fr);
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 7rem);
  align-items: center;
}
.media-placeholder {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  min-height: 260px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 20% 24%, rgba(47,96,112,.17) 0 2%, transparent 2.3%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 64% 38%, rgba(142,183,197,.34) 0 3.5%, transparent 3.8%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 38% 72%, rgba(47,96,112,.13) 0 2.7%, transparent 3%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #edf2ef, #d6e2e2);
}
.media-placeholder::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(23,27,29,.04) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(23,27,29,.04) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 34px 34px;
}
.media-label {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  left: 1rem;
  right: 1rem;
  bottom: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: end;
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.media-label span:first-child { font-weight: 650; }
.media-label span:last-child { color: var(--muted); text-align: right; }
.movie-placeholder { aspect-ratio: 16/10; }
.figure-placeholder { aspect-ratio: 4/3; min-height: 0; }
.research-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 1.7rem; }
.research-item { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 1rem; }
.research-item h2 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.58rem; line-height: 1.12; font-weight: 400; margin: 0 0 .7rem; }
.research-item p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }
.visual-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.2fr .8fr; gap: 1.7rem; align-items: start; }
.placeholder-note { margin-top: .65rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .82rem; }

/* Publications */
.publication-head { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 2rem; }
.scholar-link { white-space: nowrap; font-size: .9rem; }
.featured-pub {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, .72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 6rem);
  align-items: center;
}
.featured-pub h2 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.1rem); line-height: 1.07; margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.featured-pub .pub-meta { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.pub-section-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; font-size: 2rem; margin: 0 0 1.3rem; }
.pub-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.pub-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 1.4rem;
  padding: 1.55rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: start;
}
.pub-year { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.18rem; }
.pub-title { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.32; margin: 0 0 .38rem; }
.pub-meta { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.pub-link { font-size: .78rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .1em; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-deep); }
.pub-link:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--ink); }
.publication-note { margin-top: 1.5rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; max-width: 52rem; }

/* Tutoring */
.tutoring-page { background: var(--white); }
.tutoring-page .site-header { background: rgba(251,250,246,.96); }
.tutor-hero { padding: clamp(5rem, 11vw, 10rem) 0 clamp(4rem, 8vw, 7rem); }
.tutor-hero-inner { max-width: 980px; }
.tutor-hero .page-title { max-width: 12ch; font-size: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 7.3rem); }
.tutor-hero .lede { margin-top: 1.8rem; max-width: 31em; color: var(--ink); }
.tutor-booking { margin-top: 2.4rem; display: flex; gap: 1rem; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.tutor-small { color: var(--muted); font-size: .85rem; }
.tutor-statement { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3.4vw, 2.75rem); line-height: 1.22; max-width: 27em; margin: 0; }
.principles { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
.principle { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 1rem; }
.card-number { color: var(--accent-deep); font-size: .7rem; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.principle h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.43rem; margin: .35rem 0 .6rem; }
.principle p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }
.tutor-details { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 2rem 4rem; }
.tutor-detail { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 1rem; }
.tutor-detail h3 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 0 0 .6rem; }
.tutor-detail p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }

.button, button.button {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: .8rem 1.08rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-deep);
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
  background: var(--accent-deep);
  color: #fff;
  font: inherit;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.button:hover, button.button:hover { background: transparent; color: var(--accent-deep); }
.button-muted { background: transparent; color: var(--accent-deep); border-color: var(--accent-deep); }
.button-muted:hover { background: var(--accent-wash); color: var(--ink); }

/* Forms */
.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, .72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr);
  gap: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 7rem);
  align-items: start;
}
.contact-aside { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 1rem; }
.contact-aside p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 1rem; }
.contact-aside h2 { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.55rem; font-weight: 400; margin: 1.8rem 0 .4rem; }
.contact-form { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); padding-top: 1.25rem; }
.form-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0,1fr)); gap: 1.15rem 1.4rem; }
.form-field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: .38rem; }
.form-field-full { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.form-field label { font-size: .77rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--muted); }
.form-field input,
.form-field select,
.form-field textarea {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.46);
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
  padding: .78rem .85rem;
}
.form-field textarea { min-height: 150px; resize: vertical; }
.form-field input:focus,
.form-field select:focus,
.form-field textarea:focus { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; border-color: var(--accent-deep); }
.form-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 1.25rem; }
.form-note { color: var(--muted); font-size: .8rem; margin: .75rem 0 0; max-width: 48rem; }
.form-success { display: none; border-top: 1px solid var(--accent-deep); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-deep); padding: .9rem 0; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; color: var(--accent-deep); }
.form-success.visible { display: block; }
.field-hp { position: absolute !important; left: -9999px !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; overflow: hidden !important; }
.tutor-form-wrap { max-width: 880px; }
.tutor-form-wrap .contact-form { margin-top: 1.6rem; }

.site-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-top: 3rem; }
.footer-wrap {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2.2rem 28px 3.2rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .82rem;
}
.footer-wrap a { text-decoration: none; }
.footer-links { display: flex; gap: 1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .menu-button { display: inline-block; }
  .site-nav {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    inset: 72px 0 auto 0;
    padding: 1rem 28px 1.5rem;
    background: var(--paper);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: .3rem;
  }
  .tutoring-page .site-nav { background: var(--white); }
  .site-nav.open { display: flex; }
  .site-nav a { width: 100%; padding: .65rem 0; }
  .two-col, .research-hero-grid, .featured-pub, .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .principles, .research-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .visual-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .publication-head { align-items: start; flex-direction: column; }
  .tutor-details { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .container, .nav-wrap, .footer-wrap { padding-inline: 20px; }
  .site-nav { padding-inline: 20px; }
  .nav-wrap { min-height: 66px; }
  .site-nav { top: 66px; }
  .display-name { font-size: clamp(4rem, 22vw, 6.5rem); }
  .pub-item { grid-template-columns: 54px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: .8rem; }
  .pub-link { grid-column: 2; justify-self: start; margin-top: .3rem; }
  .footer-wrap { flex-direction: column; }
  .media-placeholder { min-height: 220px; }
  .form-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .form-field-full { grid-column: auto; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  *, *::before, *::after { animation-duration: .01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
}


/* Biography / web CV */
.bio-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .7rem 1.25rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  font-size: .82rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
}
.bio-actions a { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-deep); }
.cv-shell { display: grid; gap: clamp(3.5rem, 7vw, 6rem); }
.cv-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: end;
}
.cv-heading .section-intro { margin-bottom: 0; }
.cv-links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 1.1rem; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end; }
.text-link { font-size: .82rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-deep); }
.cv-block { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(150px, .28fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: clamp(2rem, 6vw, 5rem); align-items: start; }
.cv-block-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.05;
  position: sticky;
  top: 104px;
}
.cv-entry-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.cv-entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 118px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 1.5rem;
  padding: 1.5rem 0 1.65rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.cv-date { color: var(--muted); font-size: .82rem; padding-top: .15rem; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.cv-entry-body h4 {
  margin: 0 0 .15rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  line-height: 1.15;
}
.cv-org { margin: 0 0 .55rem; color: var(--accent-deep); font-size: .91rem; }
.cv-entry-body > p:last-child { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.cv-entry-body a { text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }

/* Publication gallery with per-paper media */
.publication-section-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}
.publication-media-note { max-width: 31rem; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 .25rem; font-size: .86rem; }
.publication-gallery { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.publication-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 260px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.6rem);
  padding: 2.65rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  align-items: center;
}
.publication-card-compact { border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.publication-media {
  width: 260px;
  height: 260px;
  min-width: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
}
.paper-media-placeholder,
.publication-media img,
.publication-media video {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  max-height: none;
  object-fit: cover;
}
/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   PUBLICATION MEDIA: MANUAL CROP / ZOOM CONTROLS

   Each paper and thesis can be adjusted independently below.

   object-position: X Y;
     X = horizontal focal point (0% left, 50% centre, 100% right)
     Y = vertical focal point   (0% top, 50% centre, 100% bottom)

   transform: scale(N);
     1.00 = normal size
     1.10 = zoom in 10%
     1.25 = zoom in 25%
     Keep this at 1.00 or higher if you do not want empty space in the square.

   transform-origin should normally match object-position so zooming happens
   around the part of the image you chose as the focal point.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* 1 — 2025 Cell Reports: C. elegans / Actinobacteria */
.publication-card:nth-child(1) .publication-media img {
  object-position: 50% 0%;
  transform: scale(1.00);
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

/* 2 — 2020 Nature Communications: morphogen / E. coli boundary */
.publication-card:nth-child(2) .publication-media img {
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: 50% 50%;
  transform: scale(1.00);
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

/* 3 — 2018 Nature Communications: E. coli RpoS MOVIE */
.publication-card:nth-child(3) .publication-media video {
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: 50% 50%;
  transform: scale(1.00);
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

/* 4 — 2016 Molecular Systems Biology: signalling circuit */
.publication-card:nth-child(4) .publication-media img {
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: 0% 0%;
  transform: scale(1);
  transform-origin: 5% 50%;
}

/* 5 — 2014 Physical Review Letters: silicon / phosphorus structure */
.publication-card:nth-child(5) .publication-media img {
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: 50% 50%;
  transform: scale(1.00);
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

/* 6 — 2011 TRANSDUCERS: CMOS-MEMS AFM */
.publication-card:nth-child(6) .publication-media img {
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: 50% 50%;
  transform: scale(1.00);
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

/* Thesis 1 — 2018 Cambridge PhD */
.thesis-list li:nth-child(1) .thesis-media img {
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: 50% 50%;
  transform: scale(1.00);
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

/* Thesis 2 — 2013 Waterloo MSc */
.thesis-list li:nth-child(2) .thesis-media img {
  object-position: 50% 50%;
  transform: scale(1.00);
  transform-origin: 50% 50%;
}

.publication-media-video { background: var(--ink); }
.paper-media-placeholder {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 19% 25%, rgba(47,96,112,.13) 0 2.2%, transparent 2.5%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 67% 39%, rgba(142,183,197,.26) 0 3.5%, transparent 3.8%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 43% 72%, rgba(47,96,112,.1) 0 2.6%, transparent 2.9%),
    linear-gradient(145deg, #edf0eb, #d7e1df);
}
.paper-media-placeholder::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(23,27,29,.035) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(23,27,29,.035) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 30px 30px;
}
.paper-media-type,
.paper-media-caption { position: absolute; z-index: 2; left: 1rem; right: 1rem; }
.paper-media-type { top: 1rem; font-size: .67rem; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent-deep); font-weight: 700; }
.paper-media-caption { bottom: 1rem; max-width: 25ch; font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.24; }
.publication-copy h3 {
  margin: 0 0 .85rem;
  max-width: 30em;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 2.7vw, 2.25rem);
  line-height: 1.13;
  letter-spacing: -.018em;
}
.pub-kicker {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .35rem 1rem;
  margin: 0 0 .7rem;
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  font-size: .7rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.pub-kicker span + span::before { content: '·'; margin-right: 1rem; color: var(--muted); }
.pub-footnote { margin: .45rem 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .78rem; }
.publication-copy .pub-link { display: inline-block; margin-top: 1rem; }

.thesis-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.thesis-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 260px 72px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.8rem);
  align-items: center;
  padding: 2.65rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.thesis-media {
  width: 260px;
  height: 260px;
}
.thesis-media img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.thesis-year { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.18rem; }
.thesis-list h3 { margin: 0 0 .35rem; font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.3rem; line-height: 1.25; }
.thesis-list p { margin: 0 0 .55rem; color: var(--muted); }
.thesis-list a { font-size: .8rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-deep); }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .cv-heading { grid-template-columns: 1fr; align-items: start; }
  .cv-links { justify-content: flex-start; }
  .cv-block { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.2rem; }
  .cv-block-title { position: static; }
  .publication-section-head { align-items: start; flex-direction: column; }
  .thesis-list li { grid-template-columns: 220px 64px minmax(0, 1fr); }
  .thesis-media { width: 220px; height: 220px; }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .publication-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.45rem; align-items: start; padding: 2.25rem 0; }
  .publication-media { width: min(100%, 320px); height: auto; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; }
}

@media (max-width: 620px) {
  .cv-entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .45rem; }
  .cv-date { padding-top: 0; }
  .thesis-list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: .65rem; align-items: start; padding: 2.25rem 0; }
  .thesis-media { width: min(100%, 260px); height: auto; aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; margin-bottom: .35rem; }
}


/* V5 homepage portrait */
.home-intro-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(250px, .72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr);
  gap: clamp(2.5rem, 7vw, 7rem);
  align-items: center;
}
.home-intro-copy { max-width: 700px; }
.home-title {
  margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 5.4vw, 5.35rem);
  line-height: .98;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  max-width: 10.5ch;
}
/* Amateur journalism */
.journalism-head { align-items: start; }
.archive-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .75rem 1rem; justify-content: flex-end; padding-top: .25rem; }
.archive-note { max-width: 58rem; margin: -0.35rem 0 1.35rem; color: var(--muted); font-size: .82rem; }
.journalism-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  column-gap: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 5rem);
}
.journalism-list li {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: .32rem;
  padding: 1rem 0 1.05rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.03rem;
  line-height: 1.27;
}
.journalism-date {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  font-size: .67rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .09em;
  font-weight: 700;
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .home-intro-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
  .journalism-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .archive-links { justify-content: flex-start; }
}

/* Teaching & tutoring */
.teaching-record .cv-heading { align-items: end; }
.teaching-summary {
  display: flex;
  gap: .5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  max-width: 30rem;
}
.teaching-summary span {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: .42rem .7rem;
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 76%, transparent);
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .teaching-summary { justify-content: flex-start; }
}


/* V7 editorial refinements */
.home-private-link {
  margin: 1.65rem 0 0;
}
.home-private-link a {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .075em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--accent-deep);
  padding-bottom: .12rem;
}
.home-private-link a:hover { color: var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--ink); }
.tutor-record-link {
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding-bottom: .08rem;
}
.tutor-record-link:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent-deep); }
.home-private-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
}


/* V9 tutoring offer */
.tutor-offer-blurb {
  margin: 1.6rem 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.exam-level-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: .7rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  max-width: 900px;
}
.exam-level-button {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 58px;
  padding: .75rem 1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--accent-deep);
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  background: transparent;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-align: center;
}
.exam-level-button:hover {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--accent-wash);
}
.exam-official-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: .2rem .6rem;
  margin: .8rem 0 0;
  max-width: 900px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: .7rem;
  letter-spacing: .035em;
}
.exam-official-links a {
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}
.exam-official-links a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent-deep); }
.cv-bullets {
  margin: .45rem 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}
.cv-bullets li { margin: 0 0 .35rem; }
.cv-bullets li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .exam-level-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .exam-level-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* V8 portrait: web-sized 4:5 crop only; no filters or colour treatment. */
.home-portrait {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  max-width: 390px;
  width: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper);
}
.home-portrait img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .home-portrait { max-width: 340px; }
}
.form-error {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-deep);
  background: var(--soft);
}
.form-privacy {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #6b6b6b;
}

.form-privacy a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.15em;
}